Amritsar, Jan 27: The seasonal “winter silence” at Harike wetland is growing more pronounced as ecological pressures mount, leading to a significant reduction in the variety of migratory species. Recent studies into regional meteorological trends show that shrinking cold periods in Punjab are failing to provide the necessary triggers for long-distance migration, resulting in a sanctuary that is increasingly quiet during peak months.
The population of migratory birds has seen a staggered drop, falling from 65,624 in 2023 to about 50,000 in 2025, before reaching the current low of 45,000.
Researchers have linked this decline directly to the deteriorating quality of the habitat, citing siltation and the shrinking of open-water areas as primary concerns for the future of the internationally recognized site.
Dr. Astha, who compiled the findings based on various research papers and field observations, said that the rise in maximum temperatures has shortened the period of wetland suitability. This environmental shift accelerates early departures and disrupts the resting behavior of the birds.
“A narrowed temperature range disrupts food availability, aquatic life cycles and resting behavior,” Dr. Astha directly said. “Without urgent measures such as pollution control, removal of invasive weeds, and desiltation, the wetland risks losing its global importance.”
Water quality remains a critical factor in the declining numbers. The infusion of waste into the river system has degraded the aquatic environment, making it difficult for birds to find the nutrients required to sustain them through the winter. This is compounded by the thick growth of water hyacinth, which chokes the water surface and limits the area available for diving and feeding.
Environmental observers have noted that stricter protection and more robust conservation strategies are necessary to reverse the trend. The current conditions, characterized by high pollution and rising temperatures, suggest that the window for birds to inhabit the refuge is narrowing each year.
“Rising maximum temperatures shorten the period of wetland suitability, accelerating early departures,” Dr. Astha noted.
“Smog and stagnant winter air further stress avian health and navigation during their stay here.”
